GUI编程（+贪吃蛇示例代码）
- 组件：
- 窗口
- 弹出
- 面板
- 文本框
- 列表框
- 按钮
- 图片
- 监听事件
- 鼠标事件
- 键盘事件
1.简介
GUI的核心技术：Swing AWT
1.界面不美观，
2.需要jre环境！
-
可以写出自己心中想要的小工具
-
工作的时候，也可能需要维护到Swing界面，概率极小！
-
了解MVC架构，了解监听！
2、AWT
2.1、AWT介绍
1.new 类！
2.包含了很多类和接口！
3.用于GUI编程图像用户界面
4.元素：窗口、按钮、文本框
5.java.awt包
2.2、组件和容器
2.3、Frame
package Demo01;
import java.awt.*;
//GUI的第一个界面
public class TestFrame {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//Frame 对象 JDK 看源码！
Frame frame = new Frame("我的第一个Java图形界面窗口");
//需要设置可见性 有weight 和height
frame.setVisible(true);
//设置窗口大小
frame.setSize(400,400);
//设置窗口背景颜色 Color
frame.setBackground(new Color(104, 243, 22));
//弹出的初始位置
frame.setLocation(200,200);
//设置大小固定setResizable默认位true 也就是可以改变窗口大小
frame.setResizable(false);
}
}
==问题：发现窗口关闭不了，停止Java运行即可
多个窗口代码示例：
package Demo01;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestFrame2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//展示多个窗口 new
MyFrame myFrame1 = new MyFrame(100, 100, 200, 200, Color.blue);
MyFrame myFrame2 = new MyFrame(300, 100, 200, 200, Color.red);
MyFrame myFrame3 = new MyFrame(100, 300, 200, 200, Color.green);
MyFrame myFrame4 = new MyFrame(300, 300, 200, 200, Color.yellow);
}
}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
static int id=0;//可能存在多个窗口。需要一个计数器
//构造器
public MyFrame(int x,int y,int w,int h,Color color){
super("Myframe+"+(++id));
setBackground(color);
setBounds(x,y,w,h);
setVisible(true);
}
}
2.4、面板（Panel）
==解决了关闭事件
package Demo01;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import java.awt.event.WindowListener;
//面板 Panel 可以看成是一个空间，但是不能单独存在
public class TestPanel {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame();
//布局的概念
Panel panel = new Panel();
Panel panel2 = new Panel();
//设置布局
frame.setLayout(null);
//坐标
frame.setBounds(300,300,500,500);
frame.setBackground(new Color(55, 238, 238, 255));
//panel 设置坐标 相对于frame
panel.setBounds(10,10,100,400);
panel.setBackground(new Color(0, 255, 135, 255));
panel2.setBounds(100,100,300,400);
panel2.setBackground(new Color(232, 17, 17, 255));
//frame.add(panel)
frame.add(panel);
frame.add(panel2);
frame.setVisible(true);
//监听事件，监听窗口关闭事件 System.exit(0)
//适配器模式：
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowListener() {
@Override
public void windowOpened(WindowEvent e) {
}
//窗口关闭的时候需要做的事情
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
//结束程序
System.exit(0);
}
@Override
public void windowClosed(WindowEvent e) {
}
@Override
public void windowIconified(WindowEvent e) {
}
@Override
public void windowDeiconified(WindowEvent e) {
}
@Override
public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
}
@Override
public void windowDeactivated(WindowEvent e) {
}
});
}
}
2.5、布局管理器
- 流式布局
代码示例：
package Demo01;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestFlowLayout {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame();
//组件-按钮组件
Button button1 = new Button("button1");
Button button2 = new Button("button2");
Button button3 = new Button("button3");
//设置为流式布局
//frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());//默认居中
//frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));
frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT));
frame.setSize(400,400);
//把按钮添加上去
frame.add(button1);
frame.add(button2);
frame.add(button3);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
- 东西南北中
代码示例：
package Demo01;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestBorderlayout {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame("TestBorderlayout");
Button east = new Button("East");
Button west= new Button("West");
Button south = new Button("South");
Button north = new Button("North");
Button center= new Button("Center");
frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST);
frame.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST);
frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
frame.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH);
frame.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.setSize(400,400);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
- 表格式布局
代码示例：
package Demo01;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestGridLayout {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame(" TestGridLayout ");
Button btn1 = new Button("btn1");
Button btn2 = new Button("btn2");
Button btn3 = new Button("btn3");
Button btn4 = new Button("btn4");
Button btn5 = new Button("btn5");
Button btn6 = new Button("btn6");
frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));
frame.add(btn1);
frame.add(btn2);
frame.add(btn3);
frame.add(btn4);
frame.add(btn5);
frame.add(btn6);
frame.pack();//Java函数！ 自动选择一个最优的位置来确定
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
三种布局结合
代码示例：
package Demo01;
import java.awt.*;
public class ExDmoe {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//总的Frame
Frame frame = new Frame("Ex");
frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
frame.setSize(400,400);
frame.setLocation(300,300);
frame.setBackground(Color.BLACK);
frame.setVisible(true);
//4.四个面板
Panel p1 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
Panel p2 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1));
Panel p3 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
Panel p4 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,2));
//上面
p1.add(new Button("East-1"),BorderLayout.EAST);
p1.add(new Button("West-1"),BorderLayout.WEST);
p2.add(new Button("p2-btn-1"));
p2.add(new Button("p2-btn-2"));
p1.add(p2,BorderLayout.CENTER);
//下面
p3.add(new Button("East-2"),BorderLayout.EAST);
p3.add(new Button("West-2"),BorderLayout.WEST);
//中间的四个
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
p4.add(new Button("for-"+i));
}
p3.add(p4,BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.add(p1);
frame.add(p3);
}
}
总结：
- Frame是一个顶级窗口
- Panel 无法单独显示，必须添加到某个容器中
- 布局管理器
- 流式布局
- 东西南北中
- 表格式布局
2.6、事件监听
代码示例：
package Demo01;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import java.awt.event.WindowListener;
public class TestActionEvent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//按下按钮，触发一些事件
Frame frame=new Frame();
Button button = new Button();
//因为addActionListener()需要addActionListener 所以我们需要构造一个addActionListener
MyActionListener myActionListener = new MyActionListener();
button.addActionListener(myActionListener);
frame.add(button,BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.pack();
frame.setVisible(true);
WindownClose(frame);//调用关闭窗口
}
//关闭窗口事件
private static void WindownClose( Frame frame){
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowListener() {
@Override
public void windowOpened(WindowEvent e) {
}
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
@Override
public void windowClosed(WindowEvent e) {
}
@Override
public void windowIconified(WindowEvent e) {
}
@Override
public void windowDeiconified(WindowEvent e) {
}
@Override
public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
}
@Override
public void windowDeactivated(WindowEvent e) {
}
});
}
}
//事件监听
class MyActionListener implements ActionListener {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
System.out.println("你好呀！");
}
}
示例2：多个按钮共享一个事件
package Demo01;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class TestActionEvent02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//两个按钮实现同一个监听
//开始----停止
Frame frame = new Frame("开始-停止");
Button button1 = new Button("start");
Button button2 = new Button("stop");
//可以显示的定义触发会返回命令，如果不显示定义，则会走默认的值
//可以多个按钮只写一个监听类
button2.setActionCommand("button2-stop");
MyMonitor myMonitor = new MyMonitor();
button1.addActionListener(myMonitor);
button2.addActionListener(myMonitor);
frame.add(button1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
frame.add(button2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
frame.pack();
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
class MyMonitor implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
//e.getActionCommand()获取按钮上的信息
System.out.println("按钮被点击了：msg=>"+ e.getActionCommand());
if(e.getActionCommand().equals("start")){
}
}
}
2.7、输入框TextField 监听
代码示例：
package Demo01;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class TestText01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//main里只管启动
new MyFrame2();
}
}
class MyFrame2 extends Frame{
public MyFrame2(){
TextField textField = new TextField();
//因为extends Frame 所有Frame可以不用写
add(textField);
//监听这个文本框输入的文字
MyActionListener2 myActionListener2 = new MyActionListener2();
//按钮下回车就会触发这个输入框的事件
textField.addActionListener(myActionListener2);
//设置编码
textField.setEchoChar('*');//密码框
setVisible(true);
pack();
}
}
class MyActionListener2 implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
TextField field=(TextField)e.getSource();//获得一些资源,返回一个对象
System.out.println(field.getText());
field.setText(""); //NULL ""
}
}
2.8、计算器
示例1：
package Demo01;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class TestCalc {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Calculator();
}
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{
public Calculator() {
//3个文本框
TextField num1 = new TextField(10);//字符数
TextField num2 = new TextField(10);//字符数
TextField num3= new TextField(20);//字符数
//1个按钮
Button button = new Button("=");
button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(num1 ,num2,num3 ));//监听
//1个标签
Label label = new Label("+");
//布局
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
add(num1);
add(label);
add(num2);
add(button);
add(num3);
pack();
setVisible(true);
}
}
//监听器类
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
//获取三个变量
private TextField num1,num2,num3;//需要在这也写这个
public MyCalculatorListener( TextField num1, TextField num2, TextField num3){
this.num1=num1;
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
//1.获得加数和被加数
int n1= Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());//将字符串类型转换为int类型
int n2= Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
//2.将这个值加法运算后放入第三个框中
num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
//3.清除前两个框的内容
num1.setText("");
num2.setText("");
}
}
优化示例（完全改造面向对象）：
package Demo01;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class TestCalc {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Calculator().loadFrame();
}
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{
//属性
TextField num1,num2,num3;
//方法
public void loadFrame(){
num1 = new TextField(10);
num2 = new TextField(10);
num3= new TextField(20);
Button button = new Button("=");
Label label = new Label("+");
button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(this));
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
add(num1);
add(label);
add(num2);
add(button);
add(num3);
pack();
setVisible(true);
}
}
//监听器类
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
//获取计算器这个对象，在一个类中组合另外一个类
Calculator calculator=null;
public MyCalculatorListener(Calculator calculator){
this.calculator=calculator;
}
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
//1.获得加数和被加数
int n1=Integer.parseInt(calculator.num1.getText());
int n2=Integer.parseInt(calculator.num2.getText());
//2.将这个值加法运算后放入第三个框中
calculator.num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
//3.清除前两个框的内容
calculator.num1.setText("");
calculator.num2.setText("");
}
}
内部类：
package Demo01;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class TestCalc {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Calculator().loadFrame();
}
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{
//属性
TextField num1,num2,num3;
//方法
public void loadFrame(){
num1 = new TextField(10);
num2 = new TextField(10);
num3= new TextField(20);
Button button = new Button("=");
Label label = new Label("+");
button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener());
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
add(num1);
add(label);
add(num2);
add(button);
add(num3);
pack();
setVisible(true);
}
//监听器类
//内部类最大的好处就是可以畅通无阻的访问外部的属性和方法
private class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
//1.获得加数和被加数
int n1=Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
int n2=Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
//2.将这个值加法运算后放入第三个框中
num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
//3.清除前两个框的内容
num1.setText("");
num2.setText("");
}
}
}
2.9、画笔
代码示例：
package Demo02;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestPanit {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyPaint().loadFrame();
}
}
class MyPaint extends Frame{
public void loadFrame(){
setBounds(200,200,600,400);
setVisible(true);
}
//画笔
@Override
public void paint(Graphics g) {
//画笔，需要有颜色，需要可以画画
// g.setColor(Color.red);
//g.drawOval(100,100,100,100);
g.fillOval(100,100,100,100);//实心圆
// g.setColor(Color.green);
g.fillRect(150,150,100,100);
//画笔用完，还原到最初的颜色
}
}
2.1.0、鼠标监听
目的：实现鼠标画点
代码示例：
package Demo02;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
//鼠标监听事件
public class TestMouseListener {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyFrame("画图");
}
}
class MyFrame extends Frame {
//画画需要画笔，需要监听鼠标当前的位置，需要集合来存储画出来的东西
ArrayList points;
public MyFrame(String title) {
super(title);
setBounds(200, 200, 400, 400);
//存储鼠标点击的点
points = new ArrayList<>();
setVisible(true);
//鼠标监听器，针对窗口
this.addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener());
}
//画画需要重写画笔
@Override
public void paint(Graphics g) {
//画画、需要监听鼠标事件
Iterator iterator = points.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
Point point = (Point) iterator.next();
g.setColor(Color.red);
g.fillOval(point.x, point.y, 10, 10);
}
}
//添加点到界面上
public void addPaint(Point point){
points.add(point);
}
//适配器模式
private class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter {
//鼠标按下 弹起 按住不放
@Override
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
MyFrame frame = (MyFrame) e.getSource();
//这里我们点击的时候，就会在界面上产生一个点-->画
frame.addPaint(new Point(e.getX(), e.getY()));
//这个点就是鼠标的点
//每次点击鼠标 都需要重写画一遍
frame.repaint();//刷新
}
}
}
2.1.1、窗口监听
代码示例：
package Demo02;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import java.awt.event.WindowListener;
public class TestWindow{
public static void main(String[] args) {
new WindowFrame();
}
}
class WindowFrame extends Frame {
public WindowFrame() {
setBounds(100, 100, 200, 200);
setBackground(Color.GREEN);
setVisible(true);
//addWindowListener(new MyWindownListener());
this.addWindowListener(
//匿名内部类
new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowOpened(WindowEvent e) {
System.out.println("windowOpened");
}
//关闭窗口
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.out.println("windowClosing");
System.exit(0);
}
@Override
public void windowClosed(WindowEvent e) {
System.out.println("windowClosed");
}
//激活窗口
@Override
public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
WindowFrame source= (WindowFrame) e.getSource();
source.setTitle("被激活了");
System.out.println("windowActivated");
}
}
);
}
class MyWindowListener implements WindowListener{
@Override
public void windowOpened(WindowEvent e) {
}
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
// setVisible(false); //隐藏窗口,通过按钮隐藏当前窗口
// System.exit(0);//正常退出
}
@Override
public void windowClosed(WindowEvent e) {
}
@Override
public void windowIconified(WindowEvent e) {
}
@Override
public void windowDeiconified(WindowEvent e) {
}
@Override
public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
}
@Override
public void windowDeactivated(WindowEvent e) {
}
}
}
2.1.2、键盘监听
代码示例：
package Demo02;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
//键盘监听事件
public class TestKeyListener {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new KeyFrame();
}
}
class KeyFrame extends Frame{
public KeyFrame() {
setBounds(1, 2, 300, 400);
setVisible(true);
this.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
//键盘按下
@Override
public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
//键盘按下的键是哪一个
int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();//获取当前键盘的码
System.out.println(keyCode); //不需要记住，直接使用VK_XXX
if (keyCode==KeyEvent.VK_UP){
System.out.println("你按下了上键");
}
//根据按下的键，产生不同的结果
}
});
}
}
3、Swing
3.1、窗口
窗口代码示例：
package Demo03;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class JFrameDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyJFrame2().init();
}
}
class MyJFrame2 extends JFrame{
public void init(){
this.setBounds(100,100,200,200);
this.setVisible(true);
JLabel label = new JLabel("欢迎学习Java");
this.add(label);
//让文本标签居中 设置水平对齐
label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
//获得一个容器
Container content = this.getContentPane();
content.setBackground(Color.cyan);
}
}
弹窗代码示例：
JDialog，用来被弹出，默认就有关闭窗口事件
package Demo03;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
//主窗口
public class DialogDemo extends JFrame {
public DialogDemo() {
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(700,500);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
//JFrame 放东西---需要容器
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//绝对布局
container.setLayout(null);
//按钮
JButton button = new JButton("点击弹出对话框");
button.setBounds(30,30,200,50);
//点击这个按钮的时候，弹出一个弹窗（监听）
button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
//弹窗
new MyDailogDemo();
}
});
container.add(button);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new DialogDemo();
}
}
//弹窗的窗口
class MyDailogDemo extends JDialog{
public MyDailogDemo() {
this.setVisible(true);
this.setBounds(100,100,500,500);
//this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); 默认已有这个功能
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//设置为决定定位
container.setLayout(null);
container.add(new Label("欢迎学习Java！"));
}
}
3.2、标签
Label
- new Label(“xxx”);
图标ICON
代码示例：
package Demo03;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;
public class ImageIconDemo extends JFrame {
public ImageIconDemo(){
//获取图片地址
JLabel label =new JLabel("ImageIcon");
URL url = ImageIconDemo.class.getResource("tx.png");
ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);//命名不要重复
label.setIcon(imageIcon);
label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
Container container = getContentPane();
container.add(label);
setVisible(true);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
setBounds(100,100,200,200);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new ImageIconDemo();
}
}
3.4、面板
JPanel
代码示例：
package Demo04;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class JPanelDemo extends JFrame {
public JPanelDemo(){
//所有的东西放在container里边
Container container = this.getContentPane();
container.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1,10,10));//后面参数的意思是间距
JPanel panel1 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,3));
JPanel panel2 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,2));
JPanel panel3 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2,1));
JPanel panel4 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(3,2));
panel1.add(new JButton("1"));
panel1.add(new JButton("1"));
panel1.add(new JButton("1"));
panel2.add(new JButton("2"));
panel2.add(new JButton("2"));
panel3.add(new JButton("3"));
panel3.add(new JButton("3"));
panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
container.add(panel1);
container.add(panel2);
container.add(panel3);
container.add(panel4);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(500,500);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JPanelDemo();
}
}
JScrollPanel
代码示例：
package Demo04;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame {
public JScrollDemo(){
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//文本域
JTextArea textArea=new JTextArea(20,20);
textArea.setText("欢迎学习Java");
//Scroll面板
JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
container.add(scrollPane);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setBounds(100,100,300,350);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JScrollDemo();
}
}
3.5、按钮
- 图片按钮
代码示例：
package Demo04;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;
public class JButtonDemo extends JFrame {
public JButtonDemo(){
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//将一个图片变为图标
URL resource = JButtonDemo.class.getResource("tx.png");
Icon icon = new ImageIcon(resource);
//把这个图片放在按钮上
JButton button = new JButton();
button.setIcon(icon);
button.setToolTipText("图片按钮");
//add
container.add(button);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(500,300);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JButtonDemo();
}
}
- 单选按钮
代码示例：
package Demo04;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;
public class JButtonDemo02 extends JFrame {
public JButtonDemo02(){
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//将一个图片变为图标
URL resource = JButtonDemo.class.getResource("tx.png");
Icon icon = new ImageIcon(resource);
//单选框
JRadioButton radiobutton01 = new JRadioButton("单选框1");
JRadioButton radiobutton02 = new JRadioButton("单选框2");
JRadioButton radiobutton03 = new JRadioButton("单选框3");
//由于单选框只能选择一个，需要分组---一个组中只能选择一个
ButtonGroup ground = new ButtonGroup();
ground.add(radiobutton01);
ground.add(radiobutton02);
ground.add(radiobutton03);
container.add(radiobutton01,BorderLayout.CENTER);
container.add(radiobutton02,BorderLayout.NORTH);
container.add(radiobutton03,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(500,300);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JButtonDemo02();
}
}
- 多选按钮
代码示例：
package Demo04;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;
public class JButtonDemo03 extends JFrame {
public JButtonDemo03(){
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//将一个图片变为图标
URL resource = JButtonDemo.class.getResource("tx.png");
Icon icon = new ImageIcon(resource);
//多选框
JCheckBox checkBox01 = new JCheckBox(" checkBox01");
JCheckBox checkBox02 = new JCheckBox(" checkBox02");
container.add(checkBox01,BorderLayout.NORTH);
container.add(checkBox02,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(500,300);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JButtonDemo03();
}
}
3.6、列表
- 下拉框
代码示例：
package Demo05;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestComboboxDemo01 extends JFrame {
public TestComboboxDemo01(){
Container container = this.getContentPane();
JComboBox status = new JComboBox<>();
status.addItem(null);
status.addItem("正在热映");
status.addItem("已下架");
status.addItem("即将上映");
container.add(status);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(500,350);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TestComboboxDemo01();
}
}
- 列表框
代码示例：
package Demo05;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.util.Vector;
public class TestComboboxDemo02 extends JFrame {
public TestComboboxDemo02() {
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//生成列表内容
//String[] contents={"1","2","3"};
Vector contents = new Vector();
//列表中需要放入内容
JList jList = new JList(contents);
contents.add("1");
contents.add("2");
contents.add("3");
container.add(jList);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(500,300);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TestComboboxDemo02();
}
}
- 应用场景：
- 选择地区或者一些单个选项
- 列表，展示信息，一般是动态内容
3.7、文本框
- 文本框
代码示例：
package Demo05;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestTextDemo01 extends JFrame {
public TestTextDemo01 (){
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//container.setLayout(null);//绝对布局
JTextField textField = new JTextField("hellow");
JTextField textField2 = new JTextField("world",20);
container.add(textField,BorderLayout.NORTH);
container.add(textField2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(500,350);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TestTextDemo01 ();
}
}
- 密码框
代码示例：
package Demo05;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestTextDemo02 extends JFrame {
public TestTextDemo02 (){
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//密码框
JPasswordField passwordField = new JPasswordField();//****
passwordField.setEchoChar('*');
container.add(passwordField);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(500,350);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TestTextDemo02 ();
}
}
- 文本域
代码示例：
package Demo04;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame {
public JScrollDemo(){
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//文本域
JTextArea textArea=new JTextArea(20,20);
textArea.setText("欢迎学习Java");
//Scroll面板
JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
container.add(scrollPane);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setBounds(100,100,300,350);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JScrollDemo();
}
}
4、 贪吃蛇案例
帧：如果时间片足够小，就是动画，一秒30帧-60帧，连起来就是动画，拆开即是静态的图片！
键盘监听
定时器Timer
代码1：
package snake;
import javax.swing.*;
//游戏的主启动类
public class StartGame {
public static void main(String[] args) {
JFrame frame = new JFrame();
frame.setBounds(10,10,900,720);
frame.setResizable(false);//窗口大小不变
frame.setVisible(true);
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
//正常游戏界面都应该在面板上！！！
frame.add(new GamePanel());
}
}
代码2：
package snake;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.net.URL;
//数据中心
public class Data {
//相对路径 tx.png
//绝对路径 /（这个/相当于当前的项目）
public static URL headerURL=Data.class.getResource("static/header.png");
public static URL upURL=Data.class.getResource("static/up.png");
public static URL downURL=Data.class.getResource("static/down.png");
public static URL leftURL=Data.class.getResource("static/left.png");
public static URL rightURL=Data.class.getResource("static/right.png");
public static ImageIcon header=new ImageIcon(headerURL);
public static ImageIcon up=new ImageIcon(upURL);
public static ImageIcon down=new ImageIcon(downURL);
public static ImageIcon left=new ImageIcon(leftURL);
public static ImageIcon right=new ImageIcon(rightURL);
public static URL bodyURL=Data.class.getResource("static/body.png");
public static ImageIcon body=new ImageIcon(bodyURL);
public static URL foodURL=Data.class.getResource("static/food.png");
public static ImageIcon food=new ImageIcon(foodURL);
}
代码3：
package snake;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.awt.event.KeyListener;
import java.util.Random;
//游戏的面板
public class GamePanel extends JPanel implements KeyListener, ActionListener {
//定义蛇的数据结构
int lenght; //蛇的长度
int[] snakeX=new int[600];//蛇的x坐标25*25
int[] snakeY=new int[500];//蛇的y坐标25*25
String fx="R";//初始方向 向右
//食物的坐标
int foodx;
int foody;
Random random=new Random();
int score;//成绩
//游戏当前的状态 开始---停止
boolean isStart=false;//默认不开始
boolean isFail=false;//游戏失败状态
//定时器 以毫秒为单位 1000ms=1s
Timer timer=new Timer(80,this);//监听这个对象，80毫秒执行一次
//构造器
public GamePanel(){
init();
//获得焦点和键盘事件
this.setFocusable(true);//获得焦点事件
this.addKeyListener(this);//获得键盘监听事件
timer.start();//游戏一开启，定时器就启动
}
//初始化方法
public void init(){
lenght=3;
snakeX[0]=100; snakeY[0]=100;//脑袋坐标
snakeX[1]=75; snakeY[1]=100;//第一个身体坐标
snakeX[2]=50; snakeY[2]=100;//第二个身体坐标
fx="R";
//把食物随机分布在界面上
foodx=25+25*random.nextInt(34); //800/25=34
foody=75+25*random.nextInt(24); //600/25=24
//初始分数
score=0;
}
//绘制面板，我们游戏中的所有东西都使用这个画笔来画
@Override
protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
super.paintComponent(g); //清屏
this.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
//绘制静态面板
Data.header.paintIcon(this,g,100,10);//头部广告栏
g.fillRect(25,75,850,600); //默认游戏界面
//画积分
g.setColor(Color.red);
g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑",Font.BOLD,18));
g.drawString("长度:"+lenght,750,35);
g.drawString("分数:"+score,750,50);
//画食物
Data.food.paintIcon(this,g,foodx,foody);
//将小蛇画上去，画到当前面板上--用g这只笔画--画到x,y
if(fx.equals("R")){
Data.right.paintIcon(this,g,snakeX[0],snakeY[0]);//蛇头初始化向右,接下去的需要通过方向来判断
}else if(fx.equals("L")){
Data.left.paintIcon(this,g,snakeX[0],snakeY[0]);//蛇头初始化向右,接下去的需要通过方向来判断
}else if(fx.equals("U")){
Data.up.paintIcon(this,g,snakeX[0],snakeY[0]);//蛇头初始化向右,接下去的需要通过方向来判断
}else if(fx.equals("D")){
Data.down.paintIcon(this,g,snakeX[0],snakeY[0]);//蛇头初始化向右,接下去的需要通过方向来判断
}
for (int i = 1; i < lenght; i++) {
Data.body.paintIcon(this,g,snakeX[i],snakeY[i]);//第i个身体坐标
}
//游戏状态
if(!isStart){
g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
//设置字体
g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑",Font.BOLD,40));
g.drawString("按下空格开始游戏",300,300);
}
if (isFail) {
g.setColor(Color.RED);
//设置字体
g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑",Font.BOLD,40));
g.drawString("游戏失败，按下空格重新开始！",300,300);
}
}
@Override
public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) {
}
//键盘监听事件
@Override
public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();//键盘按键是哪一个
if(keyCode==KeyEvent.VK_SPACE){ //如果按下的是空格键
if (isFail){
isFail=false; //则重新开始
init();
}else{
isStart=!isStart; //取反
}
repaint();
}
//小蛇移动
if (keyCode==KeyEvent.VK_UP){
fx="U";
}else if(keyCode==KeyEvent.VK_DOWN){
fx="D";
}else if(keyCode==KeyEvent.VK_LEFT){
fx="L";
}else if(keyCode==KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT){
fx="R";
}
}
@Override
public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) {
}
//事件监听--需要通过固定的时间来刷新，如1s10次
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
if (isStart&&isFail==false ){//如果游戏是开始状态，就让小蛇动起来
//吃食物
if (snakeX[0]==foodx&&snakeY[0]==foody){
lenght++;//长度加1
//分数+10
score+=10;
//再次出现随机食物
foodx=25+25*random.nextInt(34); //800/25=34
foody=75+25*random.nextInt(24); //600/25=24
}
//移动
for (int i = lenght-1; i > 0; i--) {//后一项一到前一项的位置
snakeX[i]=snakeX[i-1];
snakeY[i]=snakeY[i-1];
}
//走向
if(fx.equals("R")){
snakeX[0]=snakeX[0]+25;
if(snakeX[0]>850){ snakeX[0]=25;} //边界判断
}else if(fx.equals("L")){
snakeX[0]=snakeX[0]-25;
if(snakeX[0]<25){ snakeX[0]=850;} //边界判断
}else if(fx.equals("U")){
snakeY[0]=snakeY[0]-25;
if(snakeY[0]<75){ snakeY[0]=650;} //边界判断
} else if(fx.equals("D")){
snakeY[0]=snakeY[0]+25;
if(snakeY[0]>650){ snakeY[0]=75;} //边界判断
}
//失败判定。撞到自己即失败
for (int i = 1; i < lenght; i++) {
if(snakeX[0]==snakeX[i]&&snakeY[0]==snakeY[i]) {
isFail=true;
}
}
repaint(); //重新绘制页面
}
timer.start(); //定时器开启
}
}
//键盘监听器
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