Spring Cloud Alibaba 环境搭建

一、分布式环境搭建

1. 创建父级 Spring Boot 项目

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 
    <!--parent中使用的版本管理器一般是自己公司内部的版本管理器，对于第三方的版本管理器一般放在dependencyManagement中-->
 
    <groupId>com.pushihao</groupId>
    <artifactId>test</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>test</name>
    <description>test</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>11</java.version>
        <spring.boot.version>2.6.7</spring.boot.version>
    </properties>
 
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
 
            <!--spring-boot版本管理器-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.boot.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
 
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
 
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
 
</project>

2. 新建两个模块

新建子模块时最好新建 Maven 项目，因为可以设置父项目。如果新建 Spring Boot Initializr 则默认父项目是 spring-boot-starter-parent

这里以订单模块（order）和仓库模块（stock）为例

假设仓库模块为生产者，订单模块为调用者。当调用订单模块时，订单模块调用仓库模块，使库存减一

项目结构如下：

具体文件：

pom.xml （两个模块的 pom.xml 几乎相同）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>SpringCloud</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.pushihao</groupId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 
    <!--此处为stock或order(模块名)-->
    <artifactId>stock</artifactId>
 
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
 
</project>

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StockApplication.java

package com.pushihao;
 
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
 
@SpringBootApplication
public class StockApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(StockApplication.class, args);
    }
}

 StockController.java

package com.pushihao.controller;
 
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
 
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/stock")
public class StockController {
 
    @GetMapping("reduct")
    public String reduct() {
        System.out.println("库存减一");
        return "success!";
    }
}

OrderApplication.java

package com.pushihao;
 
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.web.client.RestTemplateBuilder;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
 
@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class, args);
    }
 
    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(RestTemplateBuilder builder) {
        return builder.build();
    }
}

OrderController.java

package com.pushihao.controller;
 
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
 
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/order")
public class OrderController {
 
    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;
 
    @GetMapping("add")
    public String add() {
        System.out.println("订单加一");
        //result为返回结果
        String result = restTemplate.getForObject("http://localhost:9001/stock/reduct", String.class);
        return "success!";
    }
}

至此，一个简单的分布式环境就搭建好了，使用浏览器调用 http://localhost:9002/order/add 就可以看到结果

二、Spring Cloud Alibaba 环境搭建

可以直接在原有的分布式环境上直接引用 Spring Cloud Alibaba 即可

项目结构如下：

1. 导入 Spring Cloud Alibaba 和 Spring Cloud 的坐标

注意：版本号一定要选对（按照要求）参考 版本说明

稳定版本依赖关系

组件版本关系（一般由Spring Cloud Alibaba 版本管理器直接控制，我们不用关心） 

这里使用最新稳定版即可 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 
    <!--parent中使用的版本管理器一般是自己公司内部的版本管理器，对于第三方的版本管理器一般放在dependencyManagement中-->
 
    <groupId>com.pushihao</groupId>
    <artifactId>test</artifactId>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <modules>
        <module>order</module>
        <module>stock</module>
        <module>order-nacos</module>
        <module>stock-nacos</module>
    </modules>
    <name>test</name>
    <description>test</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>11</java.version>
        <spring.boot.version>2.3.12.RELEASE</spring.boot.version>
        <spring.cloud.version>Hoxton.SR12</spring.cloud.version>
        <spring.cloud.alibaba.version>2.2.7.RELEASE</spring.cloud.alibaba.version>
    </properties>
 
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
 
            <!--spring-boot版本管理器-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.boot.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
 
            <!--spring-cloud版本管理器-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
 
            <!--spring-cloud-alibaba版本管理器-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.cloud.alibaba.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
 
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
 
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
 
</project>

2.1 新建 stock-nacos 模块

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>SpringCloud</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.pushihao</groupId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <artifactId>stock-nacos</artifactId>
 
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
 
		<!--注册与发现-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
 
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.8.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>11</source>
                    <target>11</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
 
</project>

application.yml

server:
  port: 9001
spring:
  application:
    name: stock-service
  cloud:
    nacos:
      server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
      discovery:
        username: nacos
        password: nacos
        cluster-name: public

StockNacosApplication.java

package com.pushihao;
 
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
 
@SpringBootApplication
public class StockNacosApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(StockNacosApplication.class, args);
    }
}

StockController.java

package com.pushihao.controller;
 
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
 
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/stock")
public class StockController {
 
    @GetMapping("reduct")
    public String reduct() {
        System.out.println("库存减一");
        return "success!";
    }
}

2.2 新建 order-nacos 模块

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>test</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.pushihao</groupId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 
    <artifactId>order-nacos</artifactId>
 
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
 
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.8.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>11</source>
                    <target>11</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
 
</project>

application.yml

server:
  port: 9001
spring:
  application:
    name: order-service
  cloud:
    nacos:
      server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
      discovery:
        username: nacos
        password: nacos
        namespace: public
        # ephemeral: false  #是否是临时实例 默认是true（临时实例）  永久实例：哪怕宕机了也不会删除实例

OrderNacosApplication.java

package com.pushihao;
 
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.web.client.RestTemplateBuilder;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
 
@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderNacosApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(OrderNacosApplication.class, args);
    }
 
    //加上@LoadBalanced就配上了默认的负载均衡器Ribbon
    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(RestTemplateBuilder restTemplateBuilder) {
        return restTemplateBuilder.build();
    }
}

OrderController.java

package com.pushihao.controller;
 
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
 
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/order")
public class OrderController {
 
    @Autowired
    RestTemplate restTemplate;
 
    @GetMapping("add")
    public String add() {
        System.out.println("下单成功");
 
        //这里就可以把IP地址替换成对应的服务名，调用时就会启用默认的负载均衡机制
        String msg = restTemplate.getForObject("http://stock-service/stock/reduct", String.class);
 
        return "success!";
    }
}

至此 Spring Cloud Alibaba 环境就搭建完毕了

依次启动 nacos 服务器、stock-nacos、order-nacos

成功！

三、使用 Aliyun Java Initializr 快速构建

不过更多情况下，都是使用 Idea 工具进行快速构建，如下：

以上！