1. 前言
Apache Shiro是一个功能强大且易于使用的Java安全框架，提供了认证，授权，加密，和会话管理。
Shiro有三大核心组件：
Subject：即当前用户，在权限管理的应用程序里往往需要知道谁能够操作什么，谁拥有操作该程序的权利，shiro中则需要通过Subject来提供基础的当前用户信息，Subject 不仅仅代表某个用户，与当前应用交互的任何东西都是Subject，如网络爬虫等。所有的Subject都要绑定到SecurityManager上，与Subject的交互实际上是被转换为与SecurityManager的交互。
SecurityManager：即所有Subject的管理者，这是Shiro框架的核心组件，可以把他看做是一个Shiro框架的全局管理组件，用于调度各种Shiro框架的服务。作用类似于SpringMVC中的DispatcherServlet，用于拦截所有请求并进行处理。
Realm：Realm是用户的信息认证器和用户的权限人证器，我们需要自己来实现Realm来自定义的管理我们自己系统内部的权限规则。SecurityManager要验证用户，需要从Realm中获取用户。可以把Realm看做是数据源。
2. 数据库设计
2.1 User(用户)
SET NAMES utf8mb4;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for user
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`;
CREATE TABLE `user` (
`id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`password` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
`username` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
`account` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT = 4 CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;
-- ----------------------------
-- Records of user
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (1, 'root', '超级用户', 'root');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (2, 'user', '普通用户', 'user');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (3, 'vip', 'VIP用户', 'vip');
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;
2.2 Role(角色)
SET NAMES utf8mb4;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for role
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `role`;
CREATE TABLE `role` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`role` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
`desc` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT = 4 CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;
-- ----------------------------
-- Records of role
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `role` VALUES (1, 'admin', '超级管理员');
INSERT INTO `role` VALUES (2, 'user', '普通用户');
INSERT INTO `role` VALUES (3, 'vip_user', 'VIP用户');
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;
2.3 Permission(权限)
SET NAMES utf8mb4;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for permission
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `permission`;
CREATE TABLE `permission` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`permission` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '权限名称',
`desc` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '权限描述',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT = 5 CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;
-- ----------------------------
-- Records of permission
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `permission` VALUES (1, 'add', '增加');
INSERT INTO `permission` VALUES (2, 'update', '更新');
INSERT INTO `permission` VALUES (3, 'select', '查看');
INSERT INTO `permission` VALUES (4, 'delete', '删除');
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;
2.4 User_Role(用户-角色)
SET NAMES utf8mb4;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for user_role
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user_role`;
CREATE TABLE `user_role` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`user_id` int(11) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
`role_id` int(11) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT = 4 CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Fixed;
-- ----------------------------
-- Records of user_role
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `user_role` VALUES (1, 1, 1);
INSERT INTO `user_role` VALUES (2, 2, 2);
INSERT INTO `user_role` VALUES (3, 3, 3);
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;
2.5 Role_Permission(角色-权限)
SET NAMES utf8mb4;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for role_permission
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `role_permission`;
CREATE TABLE `role_permission` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`role_id` int(11) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
`permission_id` int(255) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT = 9 CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Fixed;
-- ----------------------------
-- Records of role_permission
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `role_permission` VALUES (1, 1, 1);
INSERT INTO `role_permission` VALUES (2, 1, 2);
INSERT INTO `role_permission` VALUES (3, 1, 3);
INSERT INTO `role_permission` VALUES (4, 1, 4);
INSERT INTO `role_permission` VALUES (5, 2, 3);
INSERT INTO `role_permission` VALUES (6, 3, 3);
INSERT INTO `role_permission` VALUES (7, 3, 2);
INSERT INTO `role_permission` VALUES (8, 2, 1);
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;3. 项目结构
4. 前期准备
4.1 导入Pom
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.3.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
<artifactId>shiro-spring</artifactId>
<version>1.4.0</version>
</dependency>
4.2 application.yml
server:
port: 8903
spring:
application:
name: lab-user
datasource:
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/laboratory?charset=utf8
username: root
password: root
mybatis:
type-aliases-package: cn.ntshare.laboratory.entity
mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xml
configuration:
map-underscore-to-camel-case: true
4.3 实体类
4.3.1 User.java
@Data
@ToString
public class User implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -6056125703075132981L;
private Integer id;
private String account;
private String password;
private String username;
}
4.3.2 Role.java
@Data
@ToString
public class Role implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -1767327914553823741L;
private Integer id;
private String role;
private String desc;
}4.4 Dao层
4.4.1 PermissionMapper.java
@Mapper
@Repository
public interface PermissionMapper {
List<String> findByRoleId(@Param("roleIds") List<Integer> roleIds);
}
4.4.2 PermissionMapper.xml
<mapper namespace="cn.ntshare.laboratory.dao.PermissionMapper">
<sql id="base_column_list">
id, permission, desc
</sql>
<select id="findByRoleId" parameterType="List" resultType="String">
select permission
from permission, role_permission rp
where rp.permission_id = permission.id and rp.role_id in
<foreach collection="roleIds" item="id" open="(" close=")" separator=",">
#{id}
</foreach>
</select>
</mapper>
4.4.3 RoleMapper.java
@Mapper
@Repository
public interface RoleMapper {
List<Role> findRoleByUserId(@Param("userId") Integer userId);
}
4.4.4 RoleMapper.xml
<mapper namespace="cn.ntshare.laboratory.dao.RoleMapper">
<sql id="base_column_list">
id, user_id, role_id
</sql>
<select id="findRoleByUserId" parameterType="Integer" resultType="Role">
select role.id, role
from role, user, user_role ur
where role.id = ur.role_id and ur.user_id = user.id and user.id = #{userId}
</select>
</mapper>
4.4.5 UserMapper.java
@Mapper
@Repository
public interface UserMapper {
User findByAccount(@Param("account") String account);
}
4.4.6 UserMapper.xml
<mapper namespace="cn.ntshare.laboratory.dao.UserMapper">
<sql id="base_column_list">
id, account, password, username
</sql>
<select id="findByAccount" parameterType="Map" resultType="User">
select
<include refid="base_column_list"/>
from user
where account = #{account}
</select>
</mapper>
4.5 Service层
4.5.1 PermissionServiceImpl.java
@Service
public class PermissionServiceImpl implements PermissionService {
@Autowired
private PermissionMapper permissionMapper;
@Override
public List<String> findByRoleId(List<Integer> roleIds) {
return permissionMapper.findByRoleId(roleIds);
}
}
4.5.2 RoleServiceImpl.java
@Service
public class RoleServiceImpl implements RoleService {
@Autowired
private RoleMapper roleMapper;
@Override
public List<Role> findRoleByUserId(Integer id) {
return roleMapper.findRoleByUserId(id);
}
}
4.5.3 UserServiceImpl.java
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
@Autowired
private UserMapper userMapper;
@Override
public User findByAccount(String account) {
return userMapper.findByAccount(account);
}
}
4.6. 系统返回状态枚举与包装函数
4.6.1 ServerResponseEnum.java
@AllArgsConstructor
@Getter
public enum ServerResponseEnum {
SUCCESS(0, "成功"),
ERROR(10, "失败"),
ACCOUNT_NOT_EXIST(11, "账号不存在"),
DUPLICATE_ACCOUNT(12, "账号重复"),
ACCOUNT_IS_DISABLED(13, "账号被禁用"),
INCORRECT_CREDENTIALS(14, "账号或密码错误"),
NOT_LOGIN_IN(15, "账号未登录"),
UNAUTHORIZED(16, "没有权限")
;
Integer code;
String message;
}
4.6.2 ServerResponseVO.java
@Getter
@Setter
@NoArgsConstructor
public class ServerResponseVO<T> implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -1005863670741860901L;
// 响应码
private Integer code;
// 描述信息
private String message;
// 响应内容
private T data;
private ServerResponseVO(ServerResponseEnum responseCode) {
this.code = responseCode.getCode();
this.message = responseCode.getMessage();
}
private ServerResponseVO(ServerResponseEnum responseCode, T data) {
this.code = responseCode.getCode();
this.message = responseCode.getMessage();
this.data = data;
}
private ServerResponseVO(Integer code, String message) {
this.code = code;
this.message = message;
}
/**
* 返回成功信息
* @param data 信息内容
* @param <T>
* @return
*/
public static<T> ServerResponseVO success(T data) {
return new ServerResponseVO<>(ServerResponseEnum.SUCCESS, data);
}
/**
* 返回成功信息
* @return
*/
public static ServerResponseVO success() {
return new ServerResponseVO(ServerResponseEnum.SUCCESS);
}
/**
* 返回错误信息
* @param responseCode 响应码
* @return
*/
public static ServerResponseVO error(ServerResponseEnum responseCode) {
return new ServerResponseVO(responseCode);
}
}
4.7 统一异常处理
当用户身份认证失败时，会抛出UnauthorizedException，我们可以通过统一异常处理来处理该异常
@RestControllerAdvice
public class UserExceptionHandler {
@ExceptionHandler(UnauthorizedException.class)
@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED)
public ServerResponseVO UnAuthorizedExceptionHandler(UnauthorizedException e) {
return ServerResponseVO.error(ServerResponseEnum.UNAUTHORIZED);
}
}
5. 集成Shiro
5.1 UserRealm.java
/**
* 负责认证用户身份和对用户进行授权
*/
public class UserRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
@Autowired
private RoleService roleService;
@Autowired
private PermissionService permissionService;
// 用户授权
protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principalCollection) {
User user = (User) principalCollection.getPrimaryPrincipal();
SimpleAuthorizationInfo authorizationInfo = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo();
List<Role> roleList = roleService.findRoleByUserId(user.getId());
Set<String> roleSet = new HashSet<>();
List<Integer> roleIds = new ArrayList<>();
for (Role role : roleList) {
roleSet.add(role.getRole());
roleIds.add(role.getId());
}
// 放入角色信息
authorizationInfo.setRoles(roleSet);
// 放入权限信息
List<String> permissionList = permissionService.findByRoleId(roleIds);
authorizationInfo.setStringPermissions(new HashSet<>(permissionList));
return authorizationInfo;
}
// 用户认证
protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken authToken) throws AuthenticationException {
UsernamePasswordToken token = (UsernamePasswordToken) authToken;
User user = userService.findByAccount(token.getUsername());
if (user == null) {
return null;
}
return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(user, user.getPassword(), getName());
}
}
5.2 ShiroConfig.java
@Configuration
public class ShiroConfig {
@Bean
public UserRealm userRealm() {
return new UserRealm();
}
@Bean
public DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager() {
DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager = new DefaultWebSecurityManager();
securityManager.setRealm(userRealm());
return securityManager;
}
/**
* 路径过滤规则
* @return
*/
@Bean
public ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilter(DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager) {
ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilterFactoryBean = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean();
shiroFilterFactoryBean.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
shiroFilterFactoryBean.setLoginUrl("/login");
shiroFilterFactoryBean.setSuccessUrl("/");
Map<String, String> map = new LinkedHashMap<>();
// 有先后顺序
map.put("/login", "anon"); // 允许匿名访问
map.put("/**", "authc"); // 进行身份认证后才能访问
shiroFilterFactoryBean.setFilterChainDefinitionMap(map);
return shiroFilterFactoryBean;
}
/**
* 开启Shiro注解模式，可以在Controller中的方法上添加注解
* @param securityManager
* @return
*/
@Bean
public AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor authorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor(@Qualifier("securityManager") DefaultSecurityManager securityManager) {
AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor authorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor = new AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor();
authorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
return authorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor;
}
5.3 LoginController.java
@RestController
@RequestMapping("")
public class LoginController {
@PostMapping("/login")
public ServerResponseVO login(@RequestParam(value = "account") String account,
@RequestParam(value = "password") String password) {
Subject userSubject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken(account, password);
try {
// 登录验证
userSubject.login(token);
return ServerResponseVO.success();
} catch (UnknownAccountException e) {
return ServerResponseVO.error(ServerResponseEnum.ACCOUNT_NOT_EXIST);
} catch (DisabledAccountException e) {
return ServerResponseVO.error(ServerResponseEnum.ACCOUNT_IS_DISABLED);
} catch (IncorrectCredentialsException e) {
return ServerResponseVO.error(ServerResponseEnum.INCORRECT_CREDENTIALS);
} catch (Throwable e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return ServerResponseVO.error(ServerResponseEnum.ERROR);
}
}
@GetMapping("/login")
public ServerResponseVO login() {
return ServerResponseVO.error(ServerResponseEnum.NOT_LOGIN_IN);
}
@GetMapping("/auth")
public String auth() {
return "已成功登录";
}
@GetMapping("/role")
@RequiresRoles("vip")
public String role() {
return "测试Vip角色";
}
@GetMapping("/permission")
@RequiresPermissions(value = {"add", "update"}, logical = Logical.AND)
public String permission() {
return "测试Add和Update权限";
}
}
6. 测试
6.1 用root用户登录
6.1.1 登录
6.1.2 验证是否登录
6.1.3 测试角色权限
6.1.4 测试用户操作权限
7. 总结
本文演示了 Spring Boot 极简集成 Shiro 框架，实现了基础的身份认证和授权功能，如有不足，请多指教。
后续可扩展的功能点有：
1. 集成 Redis 实现 Shiro 的分布式会话
2. 集成 JWT 实现单点登录功能
链接：juejin.cn/post/6844903887871148039
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