点击上方 Java后端,选择 设为星标
优质文章,及时送达
Spring与线程安全
Spring作为一个IOC/DI容器,帮助我们管理了许许多多的“bean”。但其实,Spring并没有保证这些对象的线程安全,需要由开发者自己编写解决线程安全问题的代码。
Spring对每个bean提供了一个scope属性来表示该bean的作用域。它是bean的生命周期。例如,一个scope为singleton的bean,在第一次被注入时,会创建为一个单例对象,该对象会一直被复用到应用结束。
-
singleton:默认的scope,每个scope为singleton的bean都会被定义为一个单例对象,该对象的生命周期是与Spring IOC容器一致的(但在第一次被注入时才会创建)。
-
prototype:bean被定义为在每次注入时都会创建一个新的对象。
-
request:bean被定义为在每个HTTP请求中创建一个单例对象,也就是说在单个请求中都会复用这一个单例对象。
-
session:bean被定义为在一个session的生命周期内创建一个单例对象。
-
application:bean被定义为在ServletContext的生命周期中复用一个单例对象。
-
websocket:bean被定义为在websocket的生命周期中复用一个单例对象。
ThreadLocal
/**
* ThreadLocalMap is a customized hash map suitable only for
* maintaining thread local values. No operations are exported
* outside of the ThreadLocal class. The class is package private to
* allow declaration of fields in class Thread. To help deal with
* very large and long-lived usages, the hash table entries use
* WeakReferences for keys. However, since reference queues are not
* used, stale entries are guaranteed to be removed only when
* the table starts running out of space.
*/
static class ThreadLocalMap {
/**
* The entries in this hash map extend WeakReference, using
* its main ref field as the key (which is always a
* ThreadLocal object). Note that null keys (i.e. entry.get()
* == null) mean that the key is no longer referenced, so the
* entry can be expunged from table. Such entries are referred to
* as "stale entries" in the code that follows.
*/
static class Entry extends WeakReference<ThreadLocal<?>> {
/** The value associated with this ThreadLocal. */
Object value;
Entry(ThreadLocal<?> k, Object v) {
super(k);
value = v;
}
}
....
}
/**
* ThreadLocals rely on per-thread linear-probe hash maps attached
* to each thread (Thread.threadLocals and
* inheritableThreadLocals). The ThreadLocal objects act as keys,
* searched via threadLocalHashCode. This is a custom hash code
* (useful only within ThreadLocalMaps) that eliminates collisions
* in the common case where consecutively constructed ThreadLocals
* are used by the same threads, while remaining well-behaved in
* less common cases.
*/
private final int threadLocalHashCode = nextHashCode();
/**
* The next hash code to be given out. Updated atomically. Starts at
* zero.
*/
private static AtomicInteger nextHashCode =
new AtomicInteger();
/**
* The difference between successively generated hash codes - turns
* implicit sequential thread-local IDs into near-optimally spread
* multiplicative hash values for power-of-two-sized tables.
*/
private static final int HASH_INCREMENT = 0x61c88647;
/**
* Returns the next hash code.
*/
private static int nextHashCode() {
return nextHashCode.getAndAdd(HASH_INCREMENT);
}
/**
* The initial capacity -- MUST be a power of two.
*/
private static final int INITIAL_CAPACITY = 16;
/**
* Construct a new map initially containing (firstKey, firstValue).
* ThreadLocalMaps are constructed lazily, so we only create
* one when we have at least one entry to put in it.
*/
ThreadLocalMap(ThreadLocal<?> firstKey, Object firstValue) {
table = new Entry[INITIAL_CAPACITY];
int i = firstKey.threadLocalHashCode & (INITIAL_CAPACITY - 1);
table[i] = new Entry(firstKey, firstValue);
size = 1;
setThreshold(INITIAL_CAPACITY);
}
/**
* Returns the value in the current thread's copy of this
* thread-local variable. If the variable has no value for the
* current thread, it is first initialized to the value returned
* by an invocation of the {@link #initialValue} method.
*
* @return the current thread's value of this thread-local
*/
public T get() {
Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
if (map != null) {
ThreadLocalMap.Entry e = map.getEntry(this);
if (e != null) {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
T result = (T)e.value;
return result;
}
}
return setInitialValue();
}
/**
* Variant of set() to establish initialValue. Used instead
* of set() in case user has overridden the set() method.
*
* @return the initial value
*/
private T setInitialValue() {
T value = initialValue();
Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
if (map != null)
map.set(this, value);
else
createMap(t, value);
return value;
}
protected T initialValue() {
return null;
}
/**
* Sets the current thread's copy of this thread-local variable
* to the specified value. Most subclasses will have no need to
* override this method, relying solely on the {@link #initialValue}
* method to set the values of thread-locals.
*
* @param value the value to be stored in the current thread's copy of
* this thread-local.
*/
public void set(T value) {
Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
if (map != null)
map.set(this, value);
else
createMap(t, value);
}
/**
* Removes the current thread's value for this thread-local
* variable. If this thread-local variable is subsequently
* {@linkplain #get read} by the current thread, its value will be
* reinitialized by invoking its {@link #initialValue} method,
* unless its value is {@linkplain #set set} by the current thread
* in the interim. This may result in multiple invocations of the
* {@code initialValue} method in the current thread.
*
* @since 1.5
*/
public void remove() {
ThreadLocalMap m = getMap(Thread.currentThread());
if (m != null)
m.remove(this);
}
/**
* Get the map associated with a ThreadLocal. Overridden in
* InheritableThreadLocal.
*
* @param t the current thread
* @return the map
*/
ThreadLocalMap getMap(Thread t) {
return t.threadLocals;
}
/**
* Create the map associated with a ThreadLocal. Overridden in
* InheritableThreadLocal.
*
* @param t the current thread
* @param firstValue value for the initial entry of the map
*/
void createMap(Thread t, T firstValue) {
t.threadLocals = new ThreadLocalMap(this, firstValue);
}
// Thread中的源码
/* ThreadLocal values pertaining to this thread. This map is maintained
* by the ThreadLocal class. */
ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap threadLocals = null;
/*
* InheritableThreadLocal values pertaining to this thread. This map is
* maintained by the InheritableThreadLocal class.
*/
ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap inheritableThreadLocals = null;
ThreadLocal中的内存泄漏
/**
* Get the entry associated with key. This method
* itself handles only the fast path: a direct hit of existing
* key. It otherwise relays to getEntryAfterMiss. This is
* designed to maximize performance for direct hits, in part
* by making this method readily inlinable.
*
* @param key the thread local object
* @return the entry associated with key, or null if no such
*/
private Entry getEntry(ThreadLocal<?> key) {
int i = key.threadLocalHashCode & (table.length - 1);
Entry e = table[i];
if (e != null && e.get() == key)
return e;
else
return getEntryAfterMiss(key, i, e);
}
/**
* Version of getEntry method for use when key is not found in
* its direct hash slot.
*
* @param key the thread local object
* @param i the table index for key's hash code
* @param e the entry at table[i]
* @return the entry associated with key, or null if no such
*/
private Entry getEntryAfterMiss(ThreadLocal<?> key, int i, Entry e) {
Entry[] tab = table;
int len = tab.length;
// 清理key为null的Entry
while (e != null) {
ThreadLocal<?> k = e.get();
if (k == key)
return e;
if (k == null)
expungeStaleEntry(i);
else
i = nextIndex(i, len);
e = tab[i];
}
return null;
}
-
强引用key:ThreadLocal被设置为null,由于ThreadLocalMap持有ThreadLocal的强引用,如果不手动删除,那么ThreadLocal将不会回收,产生内存泄漏。
-
弱引用key:ThreadLocal被设置为null,由于ThreadLocalMap持有ThreadLocal的弱引用,即便不手动删除,ThreadLocal仍会被回收,ThreadLocalMap在之后调用set()、getEntry()和remove()函数时会清除所有key为null的Entry。
参考文献
https://tarunsapra.wordpress.com/2011/08/21/spring-singleton-request-session-beans-and-thread-safety/
https://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/current/spring-framework-reference/index.html
链接:juejin.im/post/5a0045ef5188254de169968e
如果看到这里,说明你喜欢这篇文章,请 转发、点赞。同时 标星(置顶)本公众号可以第一时间接受到博文推送。
推荐阅读
1. 强烈推荐 16 款 IDEA 插件
2. 30 分钟学会如何使用 Shiro
3. 自己手撸一个 Spring MVC
4. Spring Boot+Redis实现接口自动幂等
《Java技术栈学习手册》
,覆盖了Java技术、面试题精选、Spring全家桶、Nginx、SSM、微服务、数据库、数据结构、架构等等。
获取方式:点“ 在看,关注公众号 Java后端 并回复 777 领取,更多内容陆续奉上。
喜欢文章,点个在看
本文分享自微信公众号 - Java后端(web_resource)。
如有侵权,请联系 support@oschina.cn 删除。
本文参与“OSC源创计划”,欢迎正在阅读的你也加入,一起分享。
相关文章
暂无评论...