Photo @ Alibaba Initializr 官网
文 | 良名
背景
5、定期跟进start.spring.io的更新,方便大家使用到spring的最新功能。
使用篇
基本用法
依赖引入
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.spring.initializr</groupId>
<artifactId>initializr-bom</artifactId>
<version>0.9.0.BUILD-SNAPSHOT</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
有了这个bom 依赖,我们就不用再关心内部组件的版本等信息了。
一般来说,我们还需要引入具体组件:
<dependency>
<groupId>io.spring.initializr</groupId>
<artifactId>initializr-generator-spring</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.spring.initializr</groupId>
<artifactId>initializr-version-resolver</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.spring.initializr</groupId>
<artifactId>initializr-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
-
initializr-actuator: 监控诊断的附加信息,这个暂时忽略。
-
initializr-bom: 便于外部使用的bom依赖。
-
initializr-docs: 使用文档。
-
initializr-generator: 核心工程生成库。
-
initializr-generator-spring: 用于生成典型的spring boot工程。
-
initializr-generator-test: 测试框架。
-
initializr-metadata: 项目各个方面的元数据基础结构。
-
initializr-service-sample: 基本使用案例。
-
initializr-version-resolver:版本号解析能力。
-
initializr-web: 提供给三方客户端使用的web入口。
基本配置
initializr:
packagings:
- name: Jar
id: jar
default: true
- name: War
id: war
default: false
javaVersions:
- id: 13
default: false
- id: 11
default: false
- id: 1.8
name: 8
default: true
languages:
- name: Java
id: java
default: true
- name: Kotlin
id: kotlin
default: false
- name: Groovy
id: groovy
default: false
其中 name 是可选的, id 是必填的。
每个配置项下,可以有一个默认值(将 default 这是为 true 即可),除了这些基本配置,我们还需要定义可以支持的项目类型:
initializr:
types:
- name: Maven Project
id: maven-project
description: Generate a Maven based project archive.
tags:
build: maven
format: project
default: true
action: /starter.zip
- name: Maven POM
id: maven-build
description: Generate a Maven pom.xml.
tags:
build: maven
format: build
default: false
action: /pom.xml
- name: Gradle Project
id: gradle-project
description: Generate a Gradle based project archive.
tags:
build: gradle
format: project
default: false
action: /starter.zip
- name: Gradle Config
id: gradle-build
description: Generate a Gradle build file.
tags:
build: gradle
format: build
default: false
action: /build.gradle
-
/pom.xml 生成一个Maven的pom.xml配置文件
-
/build.gradle 生成Gradle的配置文件
-
/starter.zip 生成zip方式压缩的工程文件
-
/starter.tgz 生成以tgz方式压缩的工程文件
配置基本依赖
initializr:
dependencies:
- name: Web
content:
- name: Web
id: web
description: Full-stack web development with Tomcat and Spring MVC
- name: Developer Tools
content:
- name: Spring Boot DevTools
id: devtools
groupId: org.springframework.boot
artifactId: spring-boot-devtools
description: Provides fast application restarts, LiveReload, and configurations for enhanced development experience.
- name: Lombok
id: lombok
groupId: org.projectlombok
artifactId: lombok
description: Java annotation library which helps to reduce boilerplate code.
-
id:组件的唯一标识符
-
groupId & artifactId:组件的坐标;
-
name:显示名称
-
description:描述信息,主要用于展示用途;
-
version:组件版本;
配置依赖版本管理
版本范围:
“[1.1.6.RELEASE,1.3.0.M1)”代表所有从 1.1.6.RELEASE 到 1.3.0.M1 之间所有的版本(包含 1.1.6.RELEASE ,但不包含 1.3.0.M1 )。
-
M:里程碑版本
-
RC:发布候选版本
-
RELEASE:发布版本
-
BUILD-SNAPSHOT:为开发构建的快照版本
使用版本范围:
initializr:
dependencies:
- name: Stuff
content:
- name: Foo
id: foo
...
compatibilityRange: 1.2.0.M1
- name: Bar
id: bar
...
compatibilityRange: "[1.5.0.RC1,2.0.0.M1)"
initializr:
dependencies:
- name: Stuff
content:
- name: Foo
id: foo
groupId: org.acme.foo
artifactId: foo-spring-boot-starter
compatibilityRange: 1.3.0.RELEASE
mappings:
- compatibilityRange: "[1.3.0.RELEASE,1.3.x.RELEASE]"
artifactId: foo-starter
- compatibilityRange: "1.4.0.RELEASE"
使用 Bom 管理版本:
initializr:
env:
boms:
my-api-bom:
groupId: org.acme
artifactId: my-api-dependencies
version: 1.0.0.RELEASE
repositories: my-api-repo-1
注意,Bom 信息,定义在 initializr.env.boms下面。
initializr:
dependencies:
- name: Other
content:
- name: My API
id : my-api
groupId: org.acme
artifactId: my-api
bom: my-api-bom
高级定制
启用缓存
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.cache</groupId>
<artifactId>cache-api</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.ehcache</groupId>
<artifactId>ehcache</artifactId>
</dependency>
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为不同的组件增加独立配置:
io.spring.initializr.generator.project.ProjectGenerationConfiguration=\
com.alibaba.alicloud.initializr.extension.dependency.springboot.SpringCloudProjectGenerationConfiguration
@ProjectGenerationConfiguration
public class SpringCloudAlibabaProjectGenerationConfiguration {
private final InitializrMetadata metadata;
private final ProjectDescription description;
private final IndentingWriterFactory indentingWriterFactory;
private final TemplateRenderer templateRenderer;
public SpringCloudAlibabaProjectGenerationConfiguration(InitializrMetadata metadata,
ProjectDescription description,
IndentingWriterFactory indentingWriterFactory,
TemplateRenderer templateRenderer) {
this.metadata = metadata;
this.description = description;
this.indentingWriterFactory = indentingWriterFactory;
this.templateRenderer = templateRenderer;
}
@Bean
@ConditionalOnRequestedDependency("sca-oss")
public OSSDemoCodeContributor ossContributor() {
return new OSSDemoCodeContributor(description, templateRenderer);
}
......
}
生成具体的 Demo 代码:
然后,我们在通过模板引擎,解析这些模板文件,再拷贝到项目目录下即可:
private void writeCodeFile(TemplateRenderer templateRenderer, Language langeuage,
Map<String, Object> params, Path path, String temp) throws IOException {
......
Path pkgPath = 生成包路径
Path filePath = 成成代码文件路径
// 渲染模板
String code = templateRenderer.render(temp, params);
// demo文件写入
Files.createDirectories(pkgPath);
Files.write(filePath, code.getBytes("UTF-8"));
}
原理篇
-
启动阶段:启动应用,加载配置,扩展信息初始化;
-
生成阶段:一个项目生成,从收到请求,到返回内容的完整流程;
启动阶段
-
initializr-generator/src/main/resources/META-INF/spring.factories
-
initializr-generator-spring/src/main/resources/META-INF/spring.factories
-
initializr-web/src/main/resources/META-INF/spring.factories
-
initializr-actuator/src/main/resources/META-INF/spring.factories
-
start-site/src/main/resources/META-INF/spring.factories
@Configuration
@EnableConfigurationProperties(InitializrProperties.class)
public class InitializrAutoConfiguration {
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
public ProjectDirectoryFactory projectDirectoryFactory()
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
public IndentingWriterFactory indentingWriterFactory()
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(TemplateRenderer.class)
public MustacheTemplateRenderer templateRenderer(Environment environment, ObjectProvider<CacheManager> cacheManager)
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
public InitializrMetadataUpdateStrategy initializrMetadataUpdateStrategy(RestTemplateBuilder restTemplateBuilder,
ObjectMapper objectMapper)
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(InitializrMetadataProvider.class)
public InitializrMetadataProvider initializrMetadataProvider(InitializrProperties properties,
InitializrMetadataUpdateStrategy initializrMetadataUpdateStrategy)
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
public DependencyMetadataProvider dependencyMetadataProvider()
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication
static class InitializrWebConfiguration {
@Bean
InitializrWebConfig initializrWebConfig()
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
ProjectGenerationController<ProjectRequest> projectGenerationController(
InitializrMetadataProvider metadataProvider, ApplicationContext applicationContext)
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
ProjectMetadataController projectMetadataController(InitializrMetadataProvider metadataProvider,
DependencyMetadataProvider dependencyMetadataProvider)
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
CommandLineMetadataController commandLineMetadataController(InitializrMetadataProvider metadataProvider,
TemplateRenderer templateRenderer)
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
SpringCliDistributionController cliDistributionController(InitializrMetadataProvider metadataProvider)
}
}
这里会作如下几件事情:
-
初始化元数据 Provider ;
-
创建模板引擎;
-
创建目录、缩进工厂;
-
初始化 web 配置;
-
创建 spring mvc 的 web 入口
-
各种 ProjectGenerationController
其中最关键的元数据加载部分,使用了 EnableConfigurationProperties 注解,将 spring 环境中的配置项写到 InitializrProperties 上:
生成阶段
主干流程
扩展流程
ProjectContributor:
-
MavenBuildProjectContributor:写入 maven 项目 pom.xml 文件。
-
WebFoldersContributor:创建 web 项目的资源文件夹。
-
ApplicationPropertiesContributor:写入 application.properties 文件。
-
MainSourceCodeProjectContributor:写入应用入口类 xxxApplication.java 文件。
-
HelpDocumentProjectContributor:写入帮助文档 HELP.md 文件。
-
MainApplicationTypeCustomizer:自定义 MainApplication 类。
-
MainCompilationUnitCustomizer:自定义 MainApplication 编译单元。
-
MainSourceCodeCustomizer:自定义 MainApplication 源码。
-
BuildCustomizer:自定义项目构建工具的配置内容。
-
GitIgnoreCustomizer:自定义项目的 .gitignore 文件。
-
HelpDocumentCustomizer:自定义项目的帮助文档。
-
InitializrMetadataCustomizer:自定义项目初始化配置元数据;这个 Customizer 比较特殊,框架会在首次加载元数据配置时调用。
-
ProjectDescriptionCustomizer:自定义 ProjectDescription ;即在生成项目文件之前,允许调整项目描述信息。
-
ServletInitializerCustomizer:自定义 web 应用在类上的配置内容。
-
TestApplicationTypeCustomizer:自定义测试 Application 类。
-
TestSourceCodeCustomizer:自定义测试 Application 类的源码。
参考资料
相关链接
-
initializr说明文档
https://docs.spring.io/initializr/docs/current-SNAPSHOT/reference/html/
-
spring-initializr项目地址
https://github.com/spring-io/initializr
-
start.spring.io项目地址
https://github.com/spring-io/start.spring.io
spring.factories 明细:
initializr-generator/src/main/resources/META-INF/spring.factoriesio.spring.initializr.generator.buildsystem.BuildSystemFactory=\
io.spring.initializr.generator.buildsystem.gradle.GradleBuildSystemFactory,\
io.spring.initializr.generator.buildsystem.maven.MavenBuildSystemFactory
io.spring.initializr.generator.language.LanguageFactory=\
io.spring.initializr.generator.language.groovy.GroovyLanguageFactory,\
io.spring.initializr.generator.language.java.JavaLanguageFactory,\
io.spring.initializr.generator.language.kotlin.KotlinLanguageFactory
io.spring.initializr.generator.packaging.PackagingFactory=\
io.spring.initializr.generator.packaging.jar.JarPackagingFactory,\
io.spring.initializr.generator.packaging.war.WarPackagingFactory
initializr-generator-spring/src/main/resources/META-INF/spring.factories
io.spring.initializr.generator.project.ProjectGenerationConfiguration=\
io.spring.initializr.generator.spring.build.BuildProjectGenerationConfiguration,\
io.spring.initializr.generator.spring.build.gradle.GradleProjectGenerationConfiguration,\
io.spring.initializr.generator.spring.build.maven.MavenProjectGenerationConfiguration,\
io.spring.initializr.generator.spring.code.SourceCodeProjectGenerationConfiguration,\
io.spring.initializr.generator.spring.code.groovy.GroovyProjectGenerationConfiguration,\
io.spring.initializr.generator.spring.code.java.JavaProjectGenerationConfiguration,\
io.spring.initializr.generator.spring.code.kotlin.KotlinProjectGenerationConfiguration,\
io.spring.initializr.generator.spring.configuration.ApplicationConfigurationProjectGenerationConfiguration,\
io.spring.initializr.generator.spring.documentation.HelpDocumentProjectGenerationConfiguration,\
io.spring.initializr.generator.spring.scm.git.GitProjectGenerationConfiguration
initializr-web/src/main/resources/META-INF/spring.factories
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
io.spring.initializr.web.autoconfigure.InitializrAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.env.EnvironmentPostProcessor=\
io.spring.initializr.web.autoconfigure.CloudfoundryEnvironmentPostProcessor
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
io.spring.initializr.actuate.autoconfigure.InitializrActuatorEndpointsAutoConfiguration,\
io.spring.initializr.actuate.autoconfigure.InitializrStatsAutoConfiguration
\ =
io.spring.start.site.extension.build.gradle.GradleProjectGenerationConfiguration,\
io.spring.start.site.extension.build.maven.MavenProjectGenerationConfiguration,\
io.spring.start.site.extension.dependency.DependencyProjectGenerationConfiguration,\
io.spring.start.site.extension.dependency.springamqp.SpringAmqpProjectGenerationConfiguration,\
io.spring.start.site.extension.dependency.springboot.SpringBootProjectGenerationConfiguration,\
io.spring.start.site.extension.dependency.springcloud.SpringCloudProjectGenerationConfiguration,\
io.spring.start.site.extension.dependency.springdata.SpringDataProjectGenerationConfiguration,\
io.spring.start.site.extension.dependency.springintegration.SpringIntegrationProjectGenerationConfiguration,\
io.spring.start.site.extension.dependency.springrestdocs.SpringRestDocsProjectGenerationConfiguration,\
io.spring.start.site.extension.description.DescriptionProjectGenerationConfiguration,\
io.spring.start.site.extension.code.kotin.KotlinProjectGenerationConfiguration
作者信息:
陈曦,花名良名,阿里巴巴技术专家。目前在应用容器&服务框架团队,Spring Cloud Alibaba 项目成员,致力于将阿里云打造为Java开发者最好用的云。2014年加入B2B,多次参与双 11、618 作战。
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